ECONOMICS OF POWER GENERATION - PART - 13- COST OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY & TWO PROBLEMS

DAILY TEN WORDS - HIGH-FREQUENCY WORDS IN ENGLISH - A - LIST - COMPILED BY - ZENMURALI

491. arbitrary (adj) தன்னிச்சையான

based on chance rather than being planned or based on reason [n – arbitrariness, adv – arbitrarily]

# Students protested the arbitrary tuition fee hike by the college.

Ant. restricted, submissive, yielding 

492. arbitrator (n) நடுவர், மத்தியஸ்தர்

someone chosen to judge and decide a dispute issue [n – arbitration, v – arbitrate]

# Supreme Court appointed a retired Judge as an arbitrator for solving water dispute between two states.

Ant. fighter, arguer

493. arbor (n) மரங்களுக்கு இடையில் நிழல் படிந்த இடத்தில் கட்டப்பட்ட வீடு

a sheltered place in a garden formed by trees and bushes which are grown to partly surround it [adj – arbored]
# The arbor provided a shady resting place and was also used for car parking.

494. arboreal (adj) மரங்களுக்குரிய

of or pertaining to a tree or trees [adv – arboreally]
# Compared to shore birds, arboreal birds are more colourful and also good singers.

495. arborescent (adj) உருவில் மரம் போன்ற

having the nature of a tree; resembling a tree in form and branching structure [n – arborescence, adv – arborescently]
# Arborescent polymers are characterized by tree-like architecture.

496. arboretum (n) முறைப்படி அமைந்துள்ள தோட்டம்

a botanical garden or place devoted to the cultivation of trees or shrubs
# An arboretum was recently established in the college with financial assistance from the Ministry of Environment and Forests.

497. arboriculture (n) மரங்களை / புதர்ச்செடுகளை வளர்க்கும் கலை

the cultivation of trees or shrubs [adj – arboricultural]
# The Supreme court building depicts the beauty of the arboriculture.

498. arcade (n) மேலே மூடப்பட்டு நீண்ட வரிசைத் தூண்கள் உடைய நடைபாதை

a structure composed of a series of arches supported by columns [adj –arcaded]

# The new apartments have a shopping arcade, yoga and cultural auditorium.

499. arcane (adj) மர்மமான, விளங்காத

something that is arcane is secret or mysterious

# She was the only person who understood all the arcane details of the will.

Ant. outward, common, known, normal

500. archaeology (n) மனிதனின் பழமைச் செய்திகள் பற்றிய அறிவியல் ஆய்வு சார்ந்த

study of ancient cultures, esp. by the excavation and analysis of physical remains [adj – archaeological, n – archaeologist]

# Archaeology is a multidisciplinary subject, which integrates the knowledge of history and anthropology.

DAILY TEN WORDS - HIGH-FREQUENCY WORDS IN ENGLISH - A - LIST - COMPILED BY - ZENMURALI

481. appropriate (adj) உரிய நேரத்திற்குகான   / தக்க சமயத்திற்குகான நோக்கம்

suitable for the purpose and circumstances [n – appropriation, adv – appropriately]

# Government should distribute seeds and fertilizers at the

appropriate time to the farmers.

Ant. unbecoming, unfitting, unseemly, unsuitable, improper

482. appurtenance (n) ஒன்றுடன் இணைக்கப்பட்ட மிக முக்கியமான ஒன்று

addition, help, equipment consisting of miscellaneous articles needed for a particular operation or sport etc.; a supplementary component that improves capability

# I went to the market to purchase golf appurtenance.

Ant. lessening, subtraction, detriment

483. apropos (adj) உரிய நேரத்திற்குகான / தக்க சமயத்திற்குகான

of an appropriate or pertinent time [n – apropos, adv – apropos]

# The Prime Minister’s remarks about the budget were very apropos.

Ant. unsuitable, irrelevant, inappropriate

484. apt (adj) தக்க சமயத்திற்குகான / சரியான தருணத்திற்காண

suitable or right for a particular situation [adv – aptly]

# E-mail is an apt service to give message to all at a time.

Ant. incorrect, unsuitable

485. aquatic (adj) நீரில் வளரும் (அ) நீருக்கருகில் வாழ்கிற

growing or living in water, aquatic plant or animal [n – aqua]

# We humans were once ‘aquatic apes’.

486. aqueduct (n) வாய்க்கால்

a water-conduit, particularly one for supplying a community from a distance [adj – aqueous]

# Two huge aqueducts over 22 km were erected by the Public Works Department to irrigate 58 villages.

487. aquiline (adj) கழுகு போன்ற

of or like an eagles, (of a nose) curved [n – aquilinity]

# Her large expressive eyes and aquiline features are suitable for vile role.

Ant. straight

488. arable (adj) சாகுபடிநிலம், பயிரிடஉகந்த நிலம்

(of land) suitable land for crop production [n – arability]

# India has more arable land than China.

Ant. infertile

489. arbiter (n) மத்தியஸ்தர், தகராறுகளைத் தீர்ப்பவர்

one chosen or appointed, by mutual consent of parties in dispute, to decide matters
# The government appointed an arbiter to solve the water dispute between two states.

490. arbitrage (n) கம்பனியின் பங்குகளையோ அல்லது அந்நியநாட்டுப்பணத்தையோ ஒரு வணிக சந்தையில் வாங்கி லாபம் பெற மற்றொரு வணிக சந்தையில் விற்கும் நடவடிக்கை

in finance, arbitrage is the activity of buying shares or currency in one financial market and selling it at a profit in another [v – arbitrage]

# The Finance Minister said that the IT industry had definitely moved beyond cost arbitrage.

DAILY TEN WORDS - HIGH-FREQUENCY WORDS IN ENGLISH - A - LIST - COMPILED BY - ZENMURALI

471. append (v) முடிவில் எழுதிச் சேர்

add to the very end, fix to, attach

# Educated people never append caste to their names.

Ant. take away, subtract

472. appertain (v) சார்ந்திரு, தொடர்பு உடையதாக இரு

relate, belong to or be appropriate, be a part or attribute of

# She enjoyed the benefits appertaining to the office of chairman.

473. appetite (v) பசியார்வம்

feeling of craving something [n – appetizer]

# Physical work increases one’s appetite.

Ant. antipathy, aversion

474. apposite (adj) தகுந்த, தகுதியான

appropriate, apt, well expressed, suitable and right for the occasion
# His answer was apposite to the question.

Ant. inappropriate

475. apposition (n) அருகே அருகே வைப்பது, அருகா மைவாக, நேர்இயைபு

the act of placing side-by-side together, or in contact, (biology) growth in the thickness of a cell wall by the deposit of successive layers of material [adj – appositional, adv – appositionally]
# During election, cutouts were placed in apposition along the road.

476. appraise (v) மதிப்பிடு

to estimate the money value of, consider in a comprehensive way [n – appraiser, appraisal]
# Her family jewels were appraised by a professional.

477. appreciable (adj) கணிசமான

significant, considerable [n – appreciation, v – appreciate, adv – appreciably]

# His face has changed appreciably after the plastic surgery.

Ant. inconsiderable, inappreciable, negligible 

478. apprehension (n) பயஎண்ணம், ஐயுறவச்சம்

uneasiness, understanding, arrest [adj – apprehensive,

v – apprehend, adv – apprehensively]

# Apprehensions prevail among rural students over the oncoming All India Medical Entrance test for getting admission to medical college.

Ant. calmness,ease                                                                    

479. apprise (v) முறையாக தெரிவி, விழிப்புடன் இருக்க செய்வது
formally inform, make aware of, to tell someone about something; increase the value of
# The Defence Minister apprised the present situation in Kashmir to the Prime Minister.

Ant. hide, keep secret

480. approbation (n) ஒப்பந்தத்திற்கு ஒப்புதல் / ஆதரவு அளிப்பது

approbation is approval of something or agreement it

# The cabinet has finally indicated its approbation of the defense plans.

Ant. disapprobation, criticism

DAILY TEN WORDS - HIGH-FREQUENCY WORDS IN ENGLISH - A - LIST - COMPILED BY - ZENMURALI

461. appall (v) திடுக்கிடச்செய், திகைக்க வைக்கிற

horrify very bad, shocking  [adj – appall]

# The state of hostel toilets appalled him.

Ant.comfort, reassure, satisfy

462. apparatchik (n) கம்யூனிஸ்ட் கட்சிக்கு மிக விசுவாசமாக உள்ள மூத்த உறுப்பினர்

a loyal and senior member of a political party, especially the Communist Party in the former USSR

# Political parties are still run very much by a handful of apparatchiks.

Ant. capitalist, conservative, fascist 

463. apparatus (n) உபகரணங்கள்

equipment designed to serve a specific function

# The brain contains the whole apparatus that thinks and keeps us alive.

464. apparel (n) உடை, ஆடை

clothing in general [v – apprel]

# My wife is refined in her choice of apparel.

Ant. unclothe, uncover

465. apparent (adj) வெளிப்படையாக, தோராயமாக

easily understood, readily visible seeming [n – apparentness, adv – apparently]
# The apparent value of gold is lower than the real value.

Ant. doubtful, questionable, real

466. apparition (n) பொய்த்தோற்றம், போலித்தோற்றம், பேய்

remarkable or unexpected thing that appears, ghost, phantom [adj – apparitional]
# I don’t believe in ghostly apparition.

Ant. animate, being 

467. applaud (v) கைதட்டுவது மூலமாய் உடன்பாட்டினை உரக்கத்தெரிவி

to clap the hands together in approval or appreciation [adv – applaudably, n – applauder, applaudingly, adj – applaudable]

# Indian intelligence has been applauded worldwide.

Ant. keep silent

468. appease (v) சாந்தப்படுத்து, தணி

to pacify or quiet, esp. by giving in to the demands of, to satisfy or relieve [n – appeasement, adj – appeaseable, adv – appeasingly]
# Villagers conducted special prayers to appease the rain gods.

Ant. aggravate, annoy, incite, irritate, provoke 

469. appellate (adj) மேல்முறையீட்டுக்குரிய

capable of being appealed to, of or relating to or taking account of appeals (usually legal appeals)

# The Minister decided to go to the appellate court against the lower court judgment.

470. appellation (n) பட்டப்பெயர், இடுபெயர்

the name or title by which a particular person, class, or thing is called, Identifying word or words by which someone or something is called and classified or distinguished from others [adj – appellative]
# The cricket captain acquired the appellation "Tiger".

DAILY TEN WORDS - HIGH-FREQUENCY WORDS IN ENGLISH - A - LIST - COMPILED BY - ZENMURALI

451. apocryphal (adj) கேள்வி எழுப்பத்தக்க நம்பகத்தன்மை

of questionable authenticity [n – apocrypha, adv – apocryphally]

# The creation of universe has lot of apocryphal theories.

Ant. authentic, doubtless

452. apogee (n) புவி அண்மை, இரண்டு கோள்களுக்கு இடையே உள்ள மிக நீண்ட தூரம்

the climax, highest point, point in a celestial body’s orbit where it is furthest from the earth [adj – apogeic]

# The satellite entered the lunar orbit with an apogee of 3,80000 km.
Ant. nadir

453. apolitical (adj) அரசியலற்ற

not interested in politics or concerned with politics

# Most of the Indians are apolitical in nature, even though India is filled with parties.

454. apology (n) மன்னிப்பு கோருதல்

statement of regret for an offence or failure, explanation of defense [adj – apologetic, v – apologize]

# An honourable person is humble but not apologetic.

Ant.  accusation, ensure, change, complaint, criticism

455. apoplexy (n) மூளை இரத்தக்கசிவால் ஏற்படும் பக்கவாதம்

sudden paralysis caused by blockage or rupture of a brain artery, stroke, very great anger

# In a fit of apoplexy, he thumped the table with both hands.

Ant. consciousness

456. apostasy (n) சமய எதிர்ப்பு, கொள்கை எதிர்ப்பு (சமயக் கோட்பாடுகளை (அ) நம்பிக்கைகளை எதிர்த்தல்)

If someone is accused of apostasy, they are accused of abandoning their religious faith, political loyalties, or principles

# In ancient days apostasy was punishable by death.

Ant. faithfulness, trustworthiness, loyalty

457. apostate (n) பழைய கொள்கைகளைக்கைவிடுபவர்,  சமயக் கோட்பாடுகளுக்கடங்காத

person who renounce a former belief etc. [adj – apostate, v – apostatize, adv – apostatically]

# The political leader was branded as apostate and he was forced to leave the country.

Ant. loyalist, adherent, faithful

458. apostle (n) திருத்தூதர், இயேசு தமது கொள்கைகளைப் பரப்புவதற்கு அனுப்பிய பன்னிரண்டு திருத்தொண்டர்களில் ஒருவர், ஒரு கொள்கையை அல்லது அரசியல் நிலைப்பாட்டை தீவிரமாக ஆதரிப்பவர்

any messenger commissioned by or as by divine authority, someone who strongly supports a particular belief or political movement [adj – apostle]

# Gandhi was an apostle of world peace.
Ant. disbeliever, non-believer, agnostic

459. apothecary (n) மருந்து செய்து விற்பவர்

a health professional trained in the art of preparing and dispensing drugs, a person who in the past made and sold medicines
# Black wine has medicinal properties and was sold only by apothecaries.

460. apotheosis (n) புகழ்ந்து போற்றுதல், புகழ்ந்து போற்றி தெய்வ நிலைக்கு உயர்த்துதல்

model of excellence or perfection of a kind, one having no, the elevation of a person (as a status of a God)
# Their coach was  the apotheosis of courage.

Ant. exclusion